10 Nursing Diagnosis for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD), is the occurrence of chronic bronchitis or emphysema, a pair of commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed. This leads to a limitation of the flow of air to and from the lungs, causing shortness of breath (dyspnea). In clinical practice, COPD is defined by its characteristically low airflow on lung function tests. In contrast to asthma, this limitation is poorly reversible and usually gets progressively worse over time. In England, an estimated 842,100 of 50 million people have a diagnosis of COPD.

COPD is caused by noxious particles or gas, most commonly from tobacco smoking, which triggers an abnormal inflammatory response in the lung.

The diagnosis of COPD requires lung function tests. Important management strategies are smoking cessation, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and drug therapy (often using inhalers). Some patients go on to require long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation.
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10 Nursing Diagnosis for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

1. Ineffective airway clearance

related to:

• bronchoconstriction,
• increased sputum production,
• ineffective cough,
• fatigue / lack of energy,
• bronchopulmonary infection.

2. Ineffective breathing pattern

related to:

• shortness of breath,
• mucus,
• bronchoconstriction
• airway irritants.

3. Impaired gas exchange

related to:

• ventilation perfusion inequality

4. Activity intolerance

related to:

• imbalance between oxygen supply with demand.

5. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements

related to:

• anorexia.

6. Disturbed sleep pattern

related to:

• discomfort,
• sleeping position.

7. Bathing / Hygiene Self-care deficit

related to:

• fatigue secondary to increased respiratory effort and ventilation and oxygenation insufficiency.

8. Anxiety

related to:

• threat to self-concept,
• threat of death,
• purposes that are not being met.

9. Ineffective individual coping

related to:

• lack of socialization,
• anxiety,
• depression,'
• low activity levels and an inability to work.

10. Deficient Knowledge

related to:

• lack of information,
• do not know the source of information.