Nursing Care Plan for Alzheimer's Disease

Nursing Assessment for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities.

AD begins slowly. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with AD may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people they know. A related problem, mild cognitive impairment(MCI), causes more memory problems than normal for people of the same age. Many, but not all, people with MCI will develop AD.

In AD, over time, symptoms get worse. People may not recognize family members or have trouble speaking, reading or writing. They may forget how to brush their teeth or comb their hair. Later on, they may become anxious or aggressive, or wander away from home. Eventually, they need total care. This can cause great stress for family members who must care for them.

AD usually begins after age 60. The risk goes up as you get older. Your risk is also higher if a family member has had the disease.

No treatment can stop the disease. However, some drugs may help keep symptoms from getting worse for a limited time.

NIH: National Institute on Aging
nlm.nih.gov 

Nursing Assessment for Alzheimer's Disease

1. Activity / rest
   Signs: anxiety, helplessness, sleep pattern disturbance, lethargy and impaired motor skills.
   Symptoms: feeling melting
2. Circulation
   Symptoms: History of cerebral vascular disease / systemic, hypertension, embolic episodes
3. Ego integrity
   Signs: hide incompetence, sit down and
   watch the other, the first activity might accumulate
   objects are not moving and emotional stability
   Symptoms: suspicious or afraid of the situation / person fantasies, misperceptions of the environment, loss of multiple.
4. Elimination
   Signs: Incontinence of urine / feaces
   Symptoms: The urge to urinate
5. Food / fluid
   Signs: loss of ability to chew, avoiding / refusing to eat and looked increasingly thin.
   Symptoms: Historical episodes of hypoglycemia, changes
   in taste, appetite, weight loss.
6. Hygiene
   Signs: a lack of personal habits, forget to go to the bathroom and less interested in eating time
   Symptoms: Need help, depending on other people
7. Neuro Sensory
   Symptoms: Improvement of symptoms that exist primarily
   cognitive changes, loss of sensation and existence propriosepsi
   history of cerebral vascular disease / systemic as well as seizure activity.
8. Comfort
   Signs: ekimosis laceration and a sense of hostile / attack others
   Symptoms: A history of serious head trauma,
   accident trauma
9. Social Integrity
   Signs: Loss of social control, inappropriate behavior
   Symptoms: Feeling lost power

Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

1. Change the thought process related to :
   • Irreversible neuronal degeneration
   • Memory Loss
   • Psychological Conflict
   • Sleep deprivation
2. Changes in sensory perception related to :
   • Changes in perception, transmission and / or sensory integration
   • Limitations related to the social environment
3. Changes in sleep patterns related to :
   • Changes in sensory
   • Psychological pressure
   • Changes in activity patterns
4. The risk of trauma related to :
   • The inability to recognize / identify hazards in the environment
   • Disorientation, confusion, impaired decision making
   • Weakness, the muscles are not coordinated, the presence of seizure activity.

Nursing Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease

Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

Risk for Injury related to:

• Unable to recognize / identify hazards in the environment.
• Disorientation, confusion, impaired decision making.
• Weakness, the muscles are not coordinated, the presence of seizure activity.

Nursing Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease

• Assess the degree of impaired ability of competence emergence of impulsive behavior and a decrease in visual perception.
• Help the people closest to identify the risk of hazards that may arise.
• Eliminate / minimize sources of hazards in the environment
• Divert attention to a client when agitated or dangerous behaviors like getting out of bed by climbing the fence bed.

Rational:

• Impairment of visual perception increase the risk of falling. Identify potential risks in the environment and heighten awareness so that caregivers more aware of the danger.
• An impaired cognitive and perceptual disorders are beginning to experience the trauma as a result of the inability to take responsibility for basic security capabilities, or evaluating a particular situation.
• Maintain security by avoiding a confrontation that could improve the behavior / increase the risk for injury.

Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

Disturbed Thought Processes related to :

• Irreversible neuro degeneration
• Memory Loss
• Psychological Conflict
• Deprivation lie

Nursing Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease

• Assess the level of cognitive disorders such as changes orientasiterhadap people, places and times, range, attention, thinking skills.
• Talk with the people closest to the usual behavior change / length of the existing problems.
• Maintain a nice quiet neighborhood.
• Face-to-face when talking with patients.
• Call patient by name.
• Use a rather low voice and spoke slowly in patients.

Rational:

• Provide the basis for the evaluation / comparison that will come, and influencing the choice of intervention.
• Noise, crowds, the crowds are usually the excessive sensory neurons and can increase interference.
• Cause concern, especially in people with perceptual disorders.
• The name is a form of self-identity and lead to recognition of reality and the individual.
• Increasing the possibility of understanding.