Management, Signs and Symptoms of Anemia
When anemia occurs in a long time, the concentration of hemoglobin present in very low numbers before symptoms appear. The symptoms include:
- Asymptomatic: especially when anemia occurs in a long time
Lethargy.
Shortness of breath or tightness, especially when beraktfitas.
Head feels light.
Palpitations.
Meanwhile, signs of anemia that must be considered during the examination are:
- Pale mucous membranes, namely; mouth, conjunctiva, nails.
Hyperdynamic circulation, such as tachycardia, the pulse disappears, the flow systolic murmur.
Heart failure.
Retinal bleeding.
Specific signs in patients with anemia include:
- Glossitis: occurs in patients with megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia.
- Angular Stomatitis: occurs in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
- Jaundice (yellowish): caused by hemolysis, mild megaloblastic anemia.
- Splenomegaly: due to hemolysis and megaloblastic anemia.
- In foot ulceration: occurs in sickle-cell anemia
- Bone deformity: occurs in thalassemia
- Peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy, spinal degeneration, the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Crisp blue gums (Burton's line), encephalopathy, and peripheral motor neuropathy often seen in patients with metal poisoning.
Management
Therapy directed at the cause of the anemia, can be:
- Blood transfusion.
- Corticosteroids or other drugs that can suppress the immune system.
- Administration of erythropoietin, a hormone that plays a role in the process of hematopoiesis, serves to form the bone marrow in the process of hematopoiesis.
- Supplementation of iron, vitamin B12, vitamins, and other minerals needed.
