Nursing Care Plan for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Nursing Care Plan for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a degenerative diseases of upper and lower motor neurons, which is growing rapidly which causes the almost total paralysis. The loss of motor neurons does not include cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Thus, some move faces including flashing maintained. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and usually occurs in the decade-IV or V to life. The disease is usually fatal within 5 years increased, although some individuals may live much longer. Motor neuron degeneration occurs without apparent inflammation. Although myelin is not a primary place degeneration, loss of nerve axons, causing loss of myelin and scarring. The cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is unknown although it is estimated viral infection, and metabolic disorders and trauma. In addition there is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a genetic influence the likelihood that a patient may suffer from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by 10%. Recent evidence suggests that genetic relationships can occur in more cases. (Elizabeth, 2009).
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Researchers studying the possible causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include:
Clinical manifestations
According to Lionel (2007), clinical symptoms seen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, among others:
Nursing Diagnosis for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a degenerative diseases of upper and lower motor neurons, which is growing rapidly which causes the almost total paralysis. The loss of motor neurons does not include cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Thus, some move faces including flashing maintained. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and usually occurs in the decade-IV or V to life. The disease is usually fatal within 5 years increased, although some individuals may live much longer. Motor neuron degeneration occurs without apparent inflammation. Although myelin is not a primary place degeneration, loss of nerve axons, causing loss of myelin and scarring. The cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is unknown although it is estimated viral infection, and metabolic disorders and trauma. In addition there is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a genetic influence the likelihood that a patient may suffer from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by 10%. Recent evidence suggests that genetic relationships can occur in more cases. (Elizabeth, 2009).
- Free radicals. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is genetically inherited, gene mutation, which is in charge of producing the anti-oxidant enzyme, which protects nerve cells and free radicals.
- Glutamate. Glutamate is a chemical in the brain, where people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis higher levels. Allegedly high levels can damage nerve cells.
- Autoimmune response. Sometimes, a person's immune system can attack normal cells in the body itself, this is what happens in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- Heredity. 10% pasieen with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis passed down from parents.
- Age. Usually the symptoms of the disease appear at the age of 40-60 years.
Clinical manifestations
According to Lionel (2007), clinical symptoms seen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, among others:
- Generally patients showed atrophy and weakness of the muscles of the upper limb is more often than the lower extremities.
- Cramps and fasciculations may precede other motor symptoms. Motor signs are usually asymmetric.
- There is no sensory symptoms and no involvement spingter that causes pelvic and abdominal muscle weakness and decreased fluid intake.
- Some patients may experience a frontal-type dementia.
- Most patients showed symptoms of dysarthria and dysphagia (progressive bulbar palsy variants).
- There are signs of bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy mixture, such as atrophy and vesicles salida, but reflex jaw increased.
- Patients at risk of infection due to aspiration and impaired muscle weakness mechanism.
Nursing Diagnosis for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory muscle weakness.
- Risk for imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements to dysphagia / swallowing difficulties, secondary to cranial nerve disorders.
- Impaired verbal communication related to dysarthria.
- Impaired physical mobility related to weakness and muscular damage secondary to neuromuscular damage.
