Nursing Care Plan for Deficient Fluid Volume (Hypovolemia)
Deficient Fluid Volume (Hypovolemia)
Definition
Deficient volume of extracellular or Hypovolemia (FVD) is isotonic fluid loss, which is accompanied by loss of sodium and water in relatively equal amounts. Isotonic volume deficits, often termed dehydration that should be used for conditions of relatively pure water loss resulting in hypernatremia.
Causes
Factors that affect the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, among others:
Age:
Fluid intake needs vary depending on age, because age will affect the surface area of the body, metabolism, and weight. Infant and children are more susceptible to interference than the fluid balance in adulthood. In old age often occurs due to fluid balance disorders renal dysfunction or heart.
Climate:
People who live in areas of heat (high temperature) and low air humidity has increased loss of body fluids and electrolytes through sweat. While someone who activity in a hot environment can lose up to 5 liters of fluid per day.
Stress :
Stress can increase cell metabolism, blood glucose, and the breakdown of muscle glykogen. This mechanism can increase sodium and water retention so that when prolonged exposure may increase the blood volume.
Diet:
One's diet affect the intake of fluids and electrolytes. When inadequate nutrient intake, the body will burn fat protein and serum albumin and so will the protein reserves will decline even though both are indispensable in the process fluid balance so that it will lead to edema.
During illness:
During illness affects the condition of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, for example:
Trauma such as burns will increase water loss through IWL.
Kidney and cardiovascular disease affect regulatory processes fluid and electrolyte balance of the body.
Patients with decreased level of consciousness will be impaired because of the fulfillment of fluid intake to lose the ability to fulfill them independently.
Signs and symptoms
Clinical signs and symptoms that may be obtained on the client with hypovolemia include: dizziness, weakness, fatigue, syncope, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, thirst, mental confusion, constipation, oliguria. Depending on the type of fluid loss. Hypovolemia may be accompanied by acid-base imbalance, osmolar or electrolyte. Depletion (CES) in weight can lead to hypovolemic shock.
Compensatory mechanisms of the body on the condition of hypovolemia is can include increased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (increase in heart frequency, inotropic (heart contraction) and vascular resistance), thirst, antideuritik releasing hormone (ADH), and the release of aldosterone. Long hypovolemia conditions can cause acute renal failure.
Definition
Deficient volume of extracellular or Hypovolemia (FVD) is isotonic fluid loss, which is accompanied by loss of sodium and water in relatively equal amounts. Isotonic volume deficits, often termed dehydration that should be used for conditions of relatively pure water loss resulting in hypernatremia.
Causes
Factors that affect the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, among others:
Age:
Fluid intake needs vary depending on age, because age will affect the surface area of the body, metabolism, and weight. Infant and children are more susceptible to interference than the fluid balance in adulthood. In old age often occurs due to fluid balance disorders renal dysfunction or heart.
Climate:
People who live in areas of heat (high temperature) and low air humidity has increased loss of body fluids and electrolytes through sweat. While someone who activity in a hot environment can lose up to 5 liters of fluid per day.
Stress :
Stress can increase cell metabolism, blood glucose, and the breakdown of muscle glykogen. This mechanism can increase sodium and water retention so that when prolonged exposure may increase the blood volume.
Diet:
One's diet affect the intake of fluids and electrolytes. When inadequate nutrient intake, the body will burn fat protein and serum albumin and so will the protein reserves will decline even though both are indispensable in the process fluid balance so that it will lead to edema.
During illness:
During illness affects the condition of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, for example:
Trauma such as burns will increase water loss through IWL.
Kidney and cardiovascular disease affect regulatory processes fluid and electrolyte balance of the body.
Patients with decreased level of consciousness will be impaired because of the fulfillment of fluid intake to lose the ability to fulfill them independently.
Signs and symptoms
Clinical signs and symptoms that may be obtained on the client with hypovolemia include: dizziness, weakness, fatigue, syncope, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, thirst, mental confusion, constipation, oliguria. Depending on the type of fluid loss. Hypovolemia may be accompanied by acid-base imbalance, osmolar or electrolyte. Depletion (CES) in weight can lead to hypovolemic shock.
Compensatory mechanisms of the body on the condition of hypovolemia is can include increased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (increase in heart frequency, inotropic (heart contraction) and vascular resistance), thirst, antideuritik releasing hormone (ADH), and the release of aldosterone. Long hypovolemia conditions can cause acute renal failure.
