NCP for Pneumoconiosis - Etiology, Clinical Manifestations and Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Care Plan for Pneumoconiosis
Definition of Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhalation of various forms of dust particles, especially in the industrial workplace, for long periods of time. Therefore, it is also said to be working lung disease, which is a specific part of the work -related illnesses, which related primarily to the exposed hazardous substances, whether they are gas or dust, in the workplace, and pulmonary disorders that may results from it. The severity and type of pneumoconiosis depends on what the dust particles consisting of, for example, small amounts of certain substances, such as asbestos and silica, can cause a serious reaction, while others may be harmless.
Pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling dust can ferrous metals, silver / tin and barium. Siderosis occur as a result of inhalation of iron oxide, baritosis occur due to inhalation of barium and stannosis occur due to inhaling silver elements. Iron dust exposure occurs in the process of mining, milling and cutting metal.
Inhalation of dust iron, silver and barium, lead to changes in lung structure which is very light so that only causes few symptoms. But this tissue reaction can be seen on chest x-ray as a large number of small areas that are not translucent. During the process of inspiration (breathing air), airborne dust particles having a diameter of more than 10 mm, filtered by hairs in the nose. Other dust particles, which enter through the mouth, is stored in the upper respiratory tract.
Dust particles with a diameter of 5-10 mm, tend to live in the mucus that surrounds the bronchi and bronchioles, then swept toward the throat by a delicate hairs (cilia). From their throats will coughed or discarded, but some of them have swallowed. Particle diameter of less than 5 mm, more easily reach the lung tissue.
Clinical Manifestations of Pneumoconiosis
- Dyspnea, in patients experiencing dyspnea became worse and progressive.
- Pneumoconiosis generally nonproductive cough except in case of chronic bronchitis.
- Severe restriction volume of inspiration and rapid pulse and continued.
- Cyanosis may occur due to decreased ventilation accompanied by a decrease in the rate of diffusion.
Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumoconiosis
- Ineffective airway clearance
- Impaired gas exchange
- Risk for infection
- Disturbed sleep patterns
- Risk for fluid volume deficit
- Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
- Anxiety
- Chronic pain
- Knowledge deficit
- Activity intolerance
