Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Cystitis

Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder is most often caused by the spread of infection of the urethra (Brunner & Suddarth, 2002).

Causes of Cystitis include: (Lyndon Saputra, 2009).

• In women, most bladder infections caused by ascending infection originating from the urethra and often associated with seyual activity.
• In men, it can be caused by ascending infection of the urethra or prostate but rather more often is secondary to anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract.
• May be associated with congenital anomalies genitourinary tract, such as "bladder neck obstruction", stasis of urine, ureteral reflux, and "neurogenic bladder".
• Is more common in diabetics.
• Can be increased in women who use contraceptives or diaphragm that is not installed properly.
• Urinary catheterization may cause infection.

Symptoms and Signs: (Lyndon Saputra, 2002)

• Dysuria (painful urination), pollakiuria (pee a little and often), nocturia (urination at night), a bad taste in the suprapubic area, tenderness on palpation in the suprapubic area.
• Systemic symptoms such as pyrexia, sometimes shivering; often more pronounced in children, sometimes without symptoms or signs of local infection of the urinary tract.
• Cloudy urine may smell bad and the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and organisms.

Nursing Care Plan for Cystitis

Nursing Diagnosis : Acute Pain related to bladder infections

Goal: There is no pain and a burning sensation during urination.

Expected outcomes: reduced pain / no pain

Interventions :

1. Monitor:

• The bow of urine to discoloration, odor and voiding pattern.
• Input and output every 8 hours.
• Re urinalis results.

Rationale: To identify the indication, the progress or the storage of the expected results.

2. Consul doctor if:

• Previous amber-yellow urine, dark orange, foggy or cloudy.
• Voiding patterns change, for example, a burning sensation as burning when urinating, a sense of urgency when urinating.
• Persistent pain or increased pain.

Rationale: These findings may provide further signs of tissue damage and need more extensive checks, such as radiology examinations if not previously done.

3. Give analgesics as needed and evaluating success.
Rationale: Analgesics block the path of pain, thus reducing pain.

4. If the frequency becomes a problem, make it easy access to the bathroom, bedpan under the bed. Instruct the patient to urinate whenever there is desire.
Rationale: Urinate frequently reduces static urine in the bladder and avoid the growth of bacteria.

5. Give antibiotics. Create variations perfomed drinks, including fresh water beside the bed. Giving water to 2400 ml / day.
Rationale: As a result of an increase in urine output facilitate frequent urination and help flush the urinary tract.


Nursing Diagnosis : Risk for infection related to nosocomial risk factors.

Objective: There is no infection in the bladder.

Expected outcomes: Clients can urinate clear, without inconvenience, urinalysis within normal limits, urine culture showed no bacteria.

Interventions :

1. Provide perineal care with soapy water every shift. If the patient's incontinence, perineal wash as soon as possible.
Rationale: To prevent contamination of the urethra.

2. If indwelling catheter, catheter care given two times a day (a part of a shower in the morning and at bedtime) and after defecation.
Rationale: Catheter give way on the bacteria to enter the bladder and up into the urinary tract.

3. Follow universal precautions (washing hands before and after direct contact, wearing gloves), when in contact with body fluids or blood which may have occurred (provide perineal care, emptying urine drainage bag, urine specimen shelter). Defense aseptic technique when catheterization, when taking a urine sample from indwelling catheters.
Rationale: To prevent cross-contamination.

4. Reposition the patient every two hours, and encourage fluid intake of at least 2400 ml / day (unless contraindicated). Do ambulation aids as needed.
Rationale: To prevent static urine.

5. Take action to maintain acidic urine.
Rationale: Acid urine hinders the growth of bacteria.